Connecticut lawmakers are considering raising the legal age to purchase tobacco products from 18 to 21. The proposed legislation would also increase the purchasing age of tobacco harm reduction products (THR), such as smokeless tobacco or snus, and electronic cigarettes and vaping devices, from 18 to 21.
Such policies greatly limit individual freedom. At the age of 18, individuals can be drafted to war, tried as adults in court, vote, own property, and be held liable to massive contractual debts such as student loans. Governments should not impose policies that prevent 18-year old adults from making individual choices.
Although Connecticut lawmakers intend for the proposal to mitigate youth consumption of tobacco products, there is minimal evidence these policies actually deter youths from smoking. In 2015, 58 percent of U.S. high school seniors used alcohol within the year and 35 percent reported using marijuana, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Consuming either of these products is illegal for persons under the age of 21 in all 50 states, yet age restrictions played no role in halting youth from consuming these substances.
Ninety percent of tobacco users start smoking before age 18, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported in 2016. According to the U.S. Drug and Food Administration “86% of 15 to 17 year olds obtained cigarettes” from alternative social sources—such as siblings, friends, parents, and strangers. Age restrictions cannot address these sources.
The most troubling aspect of the Connecticut proposal is the treatment of THR products as if they are the same as tobacco cigarettes. This presumption is erroneous and is dangerous for public health. Evidence continues to show that THR products are safer alternatives to combustible cigarettes and provide important public health benefits.
Brad Rodu, a senior fellow at The Heartland Institute, has researched the health effects of smokeless tobacco products for more than 20 years. According to his research, smokeless tobacco is “at least 98 percent safer than smoking, even though most Americans are misinformed about the differences in risk.”
A growing body of research proves the value of e-cigarettes and vaping products as tobacco harm reduction tools. In 2017, vaping was declared “less harmful than smoking” by NHS Health Scotland. A 2016 report stated health hazards from e-cigarettes were “unlikely to exceed 5% of the harm from smoking tobacco,” according to the Tobacco Advisory Group of the Royal College of Physicians. Public Health England, one of the first groups to urge the use of electronic cigarettes, stated in 2015 that e-cigarette use “is around 95% safer than smoking.”
E-cigarette use results in “reduced short-term adverse health outcomes in several organs” as compared to cigarette smoking, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine concluded in a January 2018 report. In February 2018, the American Cancer Society noted according to the “currently available evidence, using current generation e-cigarettes is less harmful than smoking cigarettes.”
Current evidence also suggests the use of THR products could provide relief to state budgets. J. Scott Moody, chief executive officer and chief economist at State Budget Solutions, examined the economic impact of e-cigarette use on Medicaid costs. Moody concluded Medicaid savings could have amounted to $48 billion in 2012 if e-cigarettes had been adopted in place of combustible cigarettes by Medicaid recipients currently consuming tobacco products.
Connecticut lawmakers should reject proposals to limit choices for individuals between the ages of 18 and 21. Instead, policymakers should foster improvement of the health and economic well-being of Connecticut residents by allowing these individuals to use THR products should they choose to do so.
The following documents provide additional information about tobacco harm reduction.
Vaping, E-Cigarettes, and Public Policy Toward Alternatives to Smoking
https://heartland.org/publications-resources/publications/vaping-e-cigarettes-and-public-policy-toward-alternatives-to-smoking
For decades, lawmakers and regulators have used taxes, bans, and burdensome regulations as part of their attempt to reduce the negative health effects of smoking. Recently, some have sought to extend those policies to electronic cigarettes. This booklet from The Heartland Institute urges policymakers to re-think that tax-and-regulate strategy. Policymakers should be mindful of the extensive research that supports tobacco harm reduction and understand bans, excessive regulations, and high taxes on e-cigarettes often encourage smokers to continue using more-harmful traditional cigarette products.
Research & Commentary: Alabama Should Not Increase Smoking Age to 21 or Regulate E-Cigarettes
https://heartland.org/publications-resources/publications/research–commentary-alabama-should-not-increase-smoking-age-to-21-or-regulate-e-cigarettes
Heartland Institute State Government Relations Manager Lindsey Stroud examines a proposal in Alabama to increase the smoking age from 19 to 21. The legislation encompasses all tobacco products, including electronic cigarettes and vaping devices. Stroud argues against the proposal, which she says unfairly restricts adults’ choices and the inclusion of e-cigarettes. Stroud says these products provide tremendous health benefits and have helped thousands quit smoking combustible cigarettes.
Research & Commentary: Cities and Sates Consider Increasing Tobacco Age Limit to 21, Regulating ENDS as Tobacco Products
https://heartland.org/publications-resources/publications/research–commentary-cities-and-states-consider-increasing-tobacco-age-limit-to-21-regulating-ends-like-tobacco-products
Heartland Institute State Government Relations Manager Lindsey Stroud examines the states and municipalities that are considering increasing their smoking age from 18 to 21. Stroud says such laws fail to substantially curb consumption, and she argues the inclusion of tobacco harm reduction tools, such as e-cigarettes and vaping devices, would negatively impact the health gains these products have been repeatedly shown to provide.
Research & Commentary: Study Finds E-Cigarettes Would Prevent 6.6 Million Premature Deaths
https://heartland.org/publications-resources/publications/research–commentary-study-finds-e-cigarettes-would-prevent-66-million-premature-deaths
Heartland Institute State Government Relations Manager Lindsey Stroud examines an October 2017 Tobacco Control study that found electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) might help extend life for millions of people. The authors of the study found there was an estimated 6.6 million fewer deaths and more than 86 million fewer-life-years lost over a ten year period because of ENDS products. Stroud concludes the use of ENDS could also help improve the budgets of numerous state programs, including Medicaid.
Research & Commentary: Public Health Officials Urge Use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
https://heartland.org/publications-resources/publications/public-health-officials-urge-use-of-electronic-nicotine-delivery-systems
Heartland Institute State Government Relations Manager Lindsey Stroud notes the importance of NHS Health Scotland’s joint statement encouraging the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) as an alternative to tobacco products. NHS Health Scotland, Public Health England, and other groups have found ENDS are 95 percent less harmful than tobacco cigarettes.
Research & Commentary: Qualitative Study on E-cigarettes Shows More Evidence of Tobacco Harm Reduction
https://heartland.org/publications-resources/publications/qualitative-study-on-e-cigarettes-shows-more-evidence-of-tobacco-harm-reduction?source=policybot
Heartland Institute State Government Relations Manager Lindsey Stroud examines a study, published in The International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health in June 2016, that provides additional evidence showing e-cigarettes and vaporized nicotine products (VNPs) are an effective tobacco harm-reduction tool.
E-Cigarette Primer for State and Local Lawmakers
http://heartland.org/policy-documents/e-cigarette-primer-state-and-local-lawmakers
Dr. Joel Nitzkin, a senior fellow in tobacco policy for the R Street Institute, provides evidence e-cigarettes work as a tobacco harm reduction modality and reviews the arguments against them. He closes with recommendations for actions state and local lawmakers should and should not consider regarding tobacco harm reduction and e-cigarettes.
Nothing in this Research & Commentary is intended to influence the passage of legislation, and it does not necessarily represent the views of The Heartland Institute. For further information on this and other topics, visit the Budget & Tax News website, The Heartland Institute’s website, our Consumer Freedom Lounge, and PolicyBot, Heartland’s free online research database.
The Heartland Institute can send an expert to your state to testify or brief your caucus, host an event in your state, or send you further information on a topic. Please don’t hesitate to contact us if we can be of assistance! If you have any questions or comments, contact Charlie Katebi, Heartland’s state government relations manager at [email protected] or 312/377-4000.
