Remember that old television in your basement, the one you bought when “Cheers” was the top sitcom? It might soon be eligible for federal aid to ensure it works in the digital era.
By early March, the Department of Commerce is expected to release rules for the TV subsidy program mandated by Congress in 2005. Reversing an earlier proposal, the program reportedly will allow households that subscribe to cable TV to receive federal support, at a potential cost to taxpayers of hundreds of millions of dollars.
This would be a mistake. Subsidizing broadcast reception for anyone makes little sense: There is no right to television. It makes even less sense to subsidize reception for cable households, whose access to programming is not threatened by the switchover to digital broadcasting. For the sake of taxpayers, the Bush administration should decline to subsidize basement TVs.
TV Transition
The controversy stems from the upcoming switchover of television broadcasts from the analog technology in use since the days of Milton Berle to new digital TV technology. As a result of the switchover, analog television sets will cease to pick up broadcast transmissions on February 19, 2009.
TV sets hooked up to cable or satellite services will not be affected, because they do not rely on over-the-air broadcast signals. However, other old sets will be unable to receive the new signals and will not have any TV reception unless they are connected to a special converter box.
About 15 percent of U.S. households do not have cable or satellite subscriptions and thus rely exclusively on over-the-air signals. The National Association of Broadcasters estimates there are some 45 million analog TV sets in these households. In addition, some 28 million more broadcast-only sets are in cable or satellite households but not hooked up to the service.
Subsidies Debate
Concerned some consumers would not be able to obtain television signals after the February 2009 analog cutoff, Congress in 2005 authorized $990 million to subsidize the cost of converter boxes with an automatic extension up to $1.5 billion if needed. The National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), part of the Commerce Department, was tasked with administering the program.
Originally, the plan sensibly proposed that eligibility be limited to the 15 percent of households without cable or satellite service. As specified by Congress, each eligible household would be eligible for up to two $40 coupons to put toward the purchase of converter boxes, which are expected to cost $50 to $75.
By limiting aid to non-cable households, support would be focused on households that rely on broadcast signals, rather than those that use broadcast signals only as a backup.
The limit was also critical to keep the program under the maximum $1.5 billion authorized. If all 17 million or so non-cable households claimed two coupons apiece, the total cost would be $1.36 billion, bringing the total (with administrative expenses) near the $1.5 billion maximum cost. Subsidizing extra television sets in cable households could increase this cost substantially. With an estimated 28 million over-the-air sets in cable-TV households, the cost could be an additional $1 billion.
Not surprisingly, NTIA’s plan garnered significant criticism from broadcasters, equipment manufacturers, and others arguing for larger subsidies. Most significantly, in November of last year, Rep. John Dingell (D-MI), then the incoming chairman of the House Commerce Committee, and 19 other members of Congress sent a letter to the NTIA administrator criticizing the proposed plan, saying it “disadvantages the poor, the elderly, minority groups, and those with multiple television sets in their home.”
Specifically referring to exclusion of cable households, the letter stated the limitation would “unfairly disenfranchise consumers with perfectly good televisions,” who deserve a “government-backed plan to hold them harmless.”
No Right to Analog TV
This argument is wrong. First, there is no federal right to analog television, nor should there be. Viewers have no more right to existing TV technology than they did to vinyl records or Betamax video recorders. Viewers have been on notice of the transition to digital television for more than a decade, and those who prepared for it should not have to subsidize those who did not.
It makes even less sense to subsidize converter boxes for households that subscribe to cable television. Those households will not lose access to television programming when analog signals end. The only difference is that their extra televisions–those in the basement or kitchen and not connected to cable–will need a converter. This hardly constitutes “disenfranchisement.” And it hardly justifies a $40 taxpayer-funded subsidy–an amount that may exceed the value of the television itself.
The Bush administration got the plan right in its draft proposal. It should tune out the static it has received since and decline to subsidize basement televisions.
James L. Gattuso ([email protected]) is senior research fellow in regulatory policy in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation.
