A new proposal introduced in the Grand Canyon State aims to regulate electronic cigarettes and vaping devices as tobacco products to address the increased number of young people using these products. However, legislation classifying e-cigarettes or tobacco harm reduction (THR) as tobacco products would be a disservice to public health. Policymakers should refrain from such synchronization of tobacco products and regulate THRs based on their level of harm.
Since their introduction in 2007, e-cigarettes and vaping devices have been subject to numerous local, state, and federal regulations, taxes, and even bans. Numerous fear-mongering campaigns have attempted to falsely claim these products aren’t safe or that their efficacy as smoking cessation aids are nonexistent. Existing data prove these efforts are misguided, at best.
The same public health groups that first identified the link between cancer and smoking cigarettes have found e-cigarettes to be substantially less harmful than combustible tobacco cigarettes. In 2015, Public Health England found e-cigarette use to be “95% safer than smoking.” The Royal College of Physicians came to the same conclusion in 2016, stating hazards from e-cigarettes were “unlikely to exceed 5% of the harm from smoking tobacco,” and these products have created “a massive opportunity for consumer – as well as healthcare – led revolution in the way nicotine is used in society.” In 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine released a report that found “substantial evidence that completely switching from regular use of combustible cigarettes to e-cigarettes results in reduced short-term adverse health outcomes in several organ systems.”
Additionally, increased use of THRs could save Arizonans money. A 2015 analysis examined e-cigarettes’ effect on Medicaid spending. The study found Medicaid savings could have amounted to $48 billion in 2012 if e-cigarettes had been adopted in place of combustible tobacco cigarettes by all Medicaid recipients who currently smoke.
A 2017 study examined a smaller number of Medicaid recipients quitting using a sample size of “1% of smokers [within] demographic groups permanently” switching. In this analysis, the author estimates that Medicaid savings “will be approximately $2.8 billion per 1 percent of enrollees” over the next 25 years.
While the intention of the proposal is to make a positive impact on tobacco use, Arizona currently use little funding from existing tobacco settlements and taxes on education and tobacco control efforts. In 2018, the state “received $437.5 million in tobacco settlement payments and taxes.” In the same year, Arizona spent “$17.8 million in state funds to tobacco prevention,” or “27.6 percent of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) annual spending target.” In fiscal year 2019, Arizona will spend even less on tobacco control programs ($17.3 million, or 26.9 percent of CDC’s target spending).
Of the additional taxes that have been levied on tobacco products in 1994 and 2002, only 23 percent and 5 percent of additional tax revenue is dispersed into the Health Education Account, which “provides funding for education and prevention programs about tobacco use and chronic disease.” The majority of the funding from the increased cigarette tax goes to the Medically Needy Account and the Proposition 204 Protection Account, which provides “funding for Medicaid services.” Should lawmakers in Arizona really want to address youth tobacco use, they could utilize current tobacco moneys and provide more funding for tobacco control efforts, including youth education.
While addressing young people’s use of e-cigarettes is laudable, many lawmakers continue to fail to understand that the THR industry has already self-imposed regulations to deter use among younger Americans. The Smoke Free Alternatives Trade Association provides “Age to Vape” signage to vape shops endorsing local laws “to show that [the] industry supports sensible age restrictions.” Consumer Advocates for Smoke-Free Alternatives is an advocacy group that “supports laws that prohibit underaged sales and urges strict enforcement of laws” that ban access to e-cigarettes for young people. Similarly, the Vapor Technology Association, which represents vaping manufacturers, requires members to “refrain from knowingly marketing Vapor Products to Minors, which is strictly prohibited.”
Rather than imposing burdensome tobacco regulations on THR products, lawmakers in Arizona should regulate THRs based on their relative harm. Arizona lawmakers truly concerned with addressing youth tobacco use should promote policies that would divert more tobacco settlement payments and taxes to education programs.
The following articles provide more information about e-cigarettes and tobacco harm reduction.
Vaping, E-Cigarettes, and Public Policy Toward Alternatives to Smoking
https://heartland.org/publications-resources/publications/vaping-e-cigarettes-and-public-policy-toward-alternatives-to-smoking
For decades, lawmakers and regulators have used taxes, bans, and burdensome regulations as part of their attempt to reduce the negative health effects of smoking. Recently, some have sought to extend those policies to electronic cigarettes. This booklet from The Heartland Institute urges policymakers to re-think that tax-and-regulate strategy. Policymakers should be mindful of the extensive research that supports tobacco harm reduction and understand bans, excessive regulations, and high taxes on e-cigarettes often encourage smokers to continue using more-harmful traditional cigarette products.
Podcast Series: Voices of Vapers
https://heartland.org/multimedia/podcasts?fromDate=&toDate=&q=voices+of+vapers
In this weekly podcast series, State Government Relations Manager Lindsey Stroud talks with researchers, advocates, and policymakers about tobacco harm reduction and electronic cigarettes. The series provides important information about the thousands of entrepreneurs who have started small businesses thanks to THRs and the millions of adults that have used electronic cigarettes and vaping devices to quit smoking tobacco cigarettes.
Research & Commentary: Study Reports Health Benefits from E-cigarette Use
https://heartland.org/policy-documents/study-reports-health-benefits-e-cigarette-use
In June 2016, the British Medical Journal published a study that examined electronic cigarette use after 24 months. Finding a 40 percent disparity between smokers who used e-cigarettes to quit smoking and smokers who did not use e-cigarettes, the authors found, “[E]-cigarette use alone might support tobacco quitters remaining abstinent from smoking.” In this Research & Commentary, State Government Relations Manager Lindsey Stroud argues the growing body of evidence suggests the Food and Drug Administration may have been too hasty in its May 2016 decision to regulate e-cigarettes as tobacco products.
Research & Commentary: Study Finds ‘No Detectable Changes in Lung Health’ of E-Cigarette Users Who Have Never Smoked
https://heartland.org/publications-resources/publications/research–commentary-study-finds-no-detectable-changes-in-lung-health-of-e-cigarette-users-who-have-never-smoked
In this Research & Commentary, Heartland Institute State Government Relations Manager Lindsey Stroud discusses a 2017 study that examined health outcome differences between tobacco cigarette smokers and electronic cigarette users. Stroud says researchers “found no significant changes in any of the health outcomes investigated” and urges policymakers to promote the use of such products instead of imposing burdensome taxes and regulations.
Research & Commentary: Study Finds E-Cigarettes Would Prevent 6.6 Million Premature Deaths
https://heartland.org/publications-resources/publications/research–commentary-study-finds-e-cigarettes-would-prevent-66-million-premature-deaths
In this Research & Commentary, Heartland Institute State Government Relations Manager Lindsey Stroud examines an October 2017 Tobacco Control study that found electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) might help extend life for millions of people. The authors of the study found there was an estimated 6.6 million fewer deaths and more than 86 million fewer-life-years lost over a ten year period because of ENDS products. Stroud concludes the use of ENDS could also help improve the budgets of numerous state programs, including Medicaid.
Research & Commentary: Vaping Taxes and Bans Hurt Smokers Trying to Quit
https://heartland.org/publications-resources/publications/research–commentary-vaping-taxes-and-bans-hurt-smokers-trying-to-quit
In this Research & Commentary, Heartland Institute Senior Policy Analyst Matthew Glans and State Government Relations Manager Lindsey Stroud examine vaping bans and taxes and consider how such measures block or limit what is for many smokers an effective method for halting the use of tobacco cigarettes.
Research & Commentary: Public Health Officials Urge Use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
https://heartland.org/publications-resources/publications/public-health-officials-urge-use-of-electronic-nicotine-delivery-systems
In this Research & Commentary, Heartland Institute State Government Relations Manager Lindsey Stroud notes the importance of NHS Health Scotland’s joint statement encouraging the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) as an alternative to tobacco products. NHS Health Scotland, Public Health England, and other groups have found ENDS are 95 percent less harmful than tobacco cigarettes.
Nothing in this Research & Commentary is intended to influence the passage of legislation, and it does not necessarily represent the views of The Heartland Institute. For further information on this and other topics, visit the Budget & Tax News website, The Heartland Institute’s website, our Consumer Freedom Lounge, and PolicyBot, Heartland’s free online research database.
The Heartland Institute can send an expert to your state to testify or brief your caucus, host an event in your state, or send you further information on a topic. Please don’t hesitate to contact us if we can be of assistance! If you have any questions or comments, contact Lindsey Stroud, a state government relations manager at The Heartland Institute, at [email protected] or 757/354-8170.
